Portugal remained neutral in the 2nd WW and Lisbon became a rendez-vous spot for spies, taking advantage of the city’s strategic Atlantic connections, quickly turning into a true “nest of spies” as mentioned in several period chronicles. The “plane to Lisbon”, as an escape route in the movie Casablanca, remains one of the best known examples. The Portuguese regime faces several crisis, because of the Azorean islands, with Spain and over the tungsten that test the Portuguese neutrality.